mmm this poses an interesting question: what if a defendant/suspect cannot remember the password? Does anyone know if there is any comparable precedent regarding forgetting things?
As an aside, obviously, those numbers are obviously cherry-picked, but they appear to be mostly selected based on facts. You can find some census figures in this booklet: http://www.statice.is/media/49863/icelandinfigures2016.pdf (The booklet says that of 111k men, 2.6% (or about 2900) are involved in the sum of all non-aquatic agricultural activities; I couldn't find precise details on sheep farming.) Nonetheless, I'm particularly curious about the listed ratio of sheepherders (shepherds?) to sheep shearers, at 1,934 vs. 1,464
The numbers seem to imply that sheep shearing takes 75% as long as sheep herding. I imagined that one sheep shearer would have sufficient capacity to service a large number of shepherds. Each sheep is typically sheared once per year, and it might take two or three minutes per sheep. But the shepherd must manage the sheep year round. Even with modern automated feeding equipment, farm tractors, and, of course, the requisite sheepdogs, I can't imagine that one shepherd could generate nearly enough sheep to keep a shearer busy for 9 months per year. Even assuming the shearer requires 5 minutes per sheep and only does shearing 30 hours per week for 4 weeks per month, that's 13,000 sheep per shepherd.
The same answer illuminates a couple things about our industries, too: If a task only needs to be performed a couple times a year, a freelancer will need many, many clients! And conversely, if you can automate or outsource day-to-day operations, you can get a lot more done than if you have to process everything manually!
Leaving aside that these numbers seem like some April Fools' gag...
> But the shepherd must manage the sheep year round.
You're obviously just making stuff up and not familiar with how this is done in Iceland.
Sheep aren't being constantly herded around. During the winter they're inside a barn because everything is covered in snow, during the entirety of the summer they free range getting fatter, raising lambs etc. In the autumn there's a big coordinated herding event (göngur) where farmers and volunteers in an entire area coordinate to herd all the free-range sheep into pens for the winter.
So literally nobody in the country works as a full-time sheepherder. Since it's all over in a matter of days.
I am passingly familiar with sheep and cattle management on a small farm in the US, and based my assumptions on this process.
> and not familiar with how this is done in Iceland.
That, however, is true. Your description is fascinating! So Icelandic shepherds aren't managing the sheep during the summer? No feeding, medicating, breeding, etc?
Sheep shearing is highly seasonal; you shear your sheep in autumn when they have their winter wool.
Also, sheep herders might have a relatively easy task in summer. Herding might mean letting thousands of sheep loose in the spring, and getting them back in at the end of summer, not getting your sheep in every night or spending the night with your herd to protect it from predators.
"The annual gathering of the sheep for slaughter – called the smölun (“herding”) – has commenced this weekend, and will be continuing for another month"
yes, the steps detailed in the post are likely not enough to evade being caught if a large intel agency is looking for a leaker. it very probably will be enough to prevent detection before the materials are published, but not necessarily afterwards when authorities start looking for a leaker.
"A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction."[1]
As far as I know there is no evidence that neanderthal females could produce fertile offspring with a male homo sapiens -- but only the other way round.
Here's a study that finds that the inverse was actually impossible/exceedingly unlikely (homo sapien females carrying neanderthal male babies). This outside of my field, but wouldn't that mean then that it would have to be neanderthal females carrying male homo sapien's babies in order for the genomic remnants to be observable?
The study seems to suggest only babies that were themeselves male would have trouble making it to birth. So female babies being born to homo sapiens mothers would still be half-neaderthal, they just wouldn't have Y chromosomes which is what the study was tracing ancestry through.
They can send push requests that you can just approve on your mobile device, no typing in those codes. They also have backup methods that work w/o needing internet access on your phone.
I think institutions also use Duo because Duo takes care of the whole think whereas traditional 2FA isn't trivial to implement for the institution (generating tokens and all of that). At least that's what I was told by my institution when they made us start using Duo.
> takes care of the whole thing
But I would have assumed that there is considerable work necessary on the backend for a web server to integrate with Duo.
Duo does work as advertised, and my uni uses it, but the privacy policy allows for a lot of personal data collection.
tldr: "Duo Security does not sell, rent, or trade and, except as described in this Privacy Policy, does not share any Personal Information with third parties for their promotional purposes." But Duo still collects A LOT of data on you.
From the policy:
"Device-Specific Information: We also collect device-specific information (e.g. mobile and desktop) from you in order to provide the Services. Device-specific information includes:
attributes (e.g. hardware model, operating system, web browser version, as well as unique device identifiers and characteristics (such as, whether your device is “jailbroken,” whether you have a screen lock in place and whether your device has full disk encryption enabled));
connection information (e.g. name of your mobile operator or ISP, browser type, language and time zone, and mobile phone number); and
device locations (e.g. internet protocol addresses and Wi-Fi).
We may need to associate your device-specific information with your Personal Information on a periodic basis in order to confirm you as a user and to check the security on your device."
The policy continues to state that Duo may use this data for analytic/advertising purposes (although only in-house) as well as to comply with legal requests, subpoenas, NSLs etc.
Duo isn't collecting your data for nefarious purposes or to sell it to other companies but they still are collecting A LOT of it. Other two factor methods, like the one's used by Google and Facebook, allow clients to install their own code generators that don't collect personal data or even need access to the internet. Of course these methods don't have push requests that you can just approve rather than type in the code.
also, if it's a US company and it ever goes bankrupt/sells its assets, third party buyers aren't bound by any privacy policy whatsoever. yes, this is crazy and it means US privacy policies are basically meaningless; best just don't give them your data, but what can you do. personally I believe that collecting the data and pretending a privacy policy makes it okay, is nefarious by itself already.
I think that's a fair read. The primary use of that data is for security use cases. Eg. if you're coming from an out-of-date browser or have risky Java/Flash plugin versions, we can notify you to update/remediate.
Another way to look at it: We collect security-relevant information on your device, but not your _personal_ data. In other words, we don't collect your email, photos, contacts, user-generated data, etc.
No idea. Car radios etc. They work amazingly well in Oslo, but they're useless out in the bushes. Radio isn't fun when you only hear half the conversation. Give me error correction and lossy codecs any time.
Well, if there's no signal you won't get a result whether it's analogue or digital, In fact, digital works less well at low signal strengths: instead of a noisy, hissy FM radio you usually get nothing ;-)
